Calculus of kidney

A condition of the kidney, caused by dehydration, decreased urine volume or fluid flow rates, or increased excretion of minerals such as calcium, oxalate, magnesium, cystine, and phosphate. This condition is characterised by the urinary calculi located in the kidney, in renal calyces, or in the renal pelvis. This condition may present with haematuria, dysuria, or pain in the flank, lower abdomen, or groin. Confirmation is by abdominal radiography to determine the presence and location of calculi.